Journal of Applied Sciences and Emerging Technologies

Energetic Parameters Analysis Of APFSDS Projectile Against Rolled Homogenous Armour For Enhanced Depth Of Penetration

Quratulain — 2024-11-13

Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) is an anti-tank projectile, highly energetic for piercing armored vehicles. Its capability is measured against the depth it penetrates the standard target material. Terminal ballistics is the most important phase to analyze besides interior and exterior ballistics. With the improvements in armor materials, the depth it penetrates is a great concern. Research is available for different calibers projectile impact analysis taking one or some of the aspects using either empirical/numerical modelling or experimentation. This is a comprehensive research on a ballistic impact analysis of 125 mm caliber projectile addressing maximum aspects of the penetrator (Geometry, Density, Slenderness Ratio, Obliquity Angle, and Energetic Density) using real time limitations of firing system. Energetic parameters for 460 mm penetration experimentally, has been validated in Willi Odermatt (W-O) ballistic empirical model. Using this, different combinations of energetic parameters have been deduced against depth upto 700 mm. Moreover, experimental case energetic parameters have also been validated in numerical model using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics with Johnson Cook (J-C) Strength and Failure Model along with Mie-Grüneisen equation of state. Analysis showed that slenderness ratio of 25.12 is required for 700 mm penetration depth

Modeling of Solar Water Desalination System for Clean Water Production

Ali Raza — 2024-11-13

This study investigates the design, construction, and performance evaluation of a double slope solar still as a sustainable solution for desalinating saline water. With water scarcity emerging as an increasingly severe global issue, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, there is a critical need for effective, low-cost desalination technologies that leverage renewable energy sources. The solar still system presented in this research utilizes solar energy to evaporate saline water and subsequently condenses it into potable water, offering an alternative to energy-intensive conventional desalination methods. Through an optimized 45° inclination angle for the still’s glass cover, the design maximizes solar absorption, leading to enhanced condensation and water yield by improving the trajectory and rate at which condensed droplets are collected. The still was tested over nine hours of peak sunlight, achieving an average yield of 2.4 liters per day, demonstrating both the system’s viability and its operational effectiveness under natural sunlight conditions. Key design elements, including the basin’s black liner, the optimal cover inclination, and insulation, were shown to significantly impact evaporation and condensation rates, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the desalination process. The findings highlight that double slope solar stills can be an economically feasible, environmentally sustainable solution for providing clean water in resource-limited areas. Furthermore, the study suggests future improvements, such as integrating phase-change materials and reflectors, to increase efficiency even further. This research contributes valuable insights into solar desalination technology, underscoring its potential for application in regions with abundant solar insolation and limited access to fresh water, thus addressing a critical need in global water management.

Integrated Assessment of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Using Experimental and Computational Energy Auditing Approaches

Waseem Amjad — 2024-11-13

Combined cycle power plants are considered efficient for power generation and their higher thermal performance is of importance to reduce emissions. Energy audits are typically conducted as one-time estimates in developing regions, which don't provide useful information. Power plants in these areas also lack any specific energy management practices. This study involved conducting an energy audit of a combined cycle power plant and comparing the real data with results from an Aspen HYSYS model. The steam turbine's computed efficiency was found to be 30.4%, which is 27.61% less than its specified efficiency. A potential energy saving of 8–9% is predicted if variable speed water pumps are used to boost the efficiency of steam turbines by 5%. In the case of combined cycle operation, the combustion efficiency of the gas turbine is crucial for greater steam generation through the heat recovery in addition to increased turbine power output.

PC/BC-DIM Network Based Hybrid Saliency Visual Perception Model for Humanoid Robots

Talha Rehman — 2024-11-13

Research on developing visual attention models and saliency detection for humanoid robots has exploded in recent years. A hybrid visual attention model for human-robot interaction can be created by combining the top-down and bottom-up visual saliency detection methods. Due to their high computational cost and complexity, most hybrid visual saliency models are not computationally viable for real-world deployment on humanoid robots. The primary flaw in most visual attention models is that while they can identify the important object in natural photos with a simple background, they struggle to function properly in images with a chaotic or textured background. When there are several prominent items in an image, most global contrast-based techniques do not yield effective results. The problem with hybrid models based on local and global contrast-based techniques is that they tend to predict background regions as salient regions. This study presents a hybrid stereo saliency model that effectively identifies salient objects in backdrop pictures that are simple, crowded, and textured. The suggested paradigm is ideal for implementation on humanoid robots because of its additional benefits, which include simplicity, robustness, and CPU-based execution. Multiple salient items can be detected using the suggested saliency detection model, which computes saliency maps using a Decisive Input Modulation (DIM) neural network, predictive coding (PC), and biased computation (BC). To reduce the complexity of scene analysis preprocessing has been performed using double opponent colors, intensity, and orientation features in the hybrid saliency model. Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) filter plays a crucial role in processing features such as intensity and orientation features. The top-down factor enhances the saliency of a salient region. The PC/BC-DIM network computes the saliency of preprocessed images after passing through the network. The stereo visual attention model performs preprocessing and saliency map computation separately for each eye and it used depth information as a cue for stereo saliency detection. At the end, binocular saliency maps are combined using the disparity map calculation technique for the extraction of the stereo saliency map. The mean absolute error (MAE) score for the monocular hybrid saliency model was 0.22 and for stereo saliency model MAE score was 0.375. Both monocular and binocular models are computationally efficient and cost-effective for implementation on humanoid robots.

Adoption of Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing Processes

Fizza Ghualm Nabi — 2024-11-13

Industry 4.0, or digitization of manufacturing, is referred to as cyber physical systems, automation, and data exchange. It is no longer the future trend but is widely being used across the world by manufacturing organizations for acquiring benefits of improved performance, fewer inefficiencies, and less cost while enhancing flexibility. However, it is tough to implement the Industry 4.0 enabling technologies without any standardized approach and it becomes even tougher. The barriers include but are not limited to lack of knowledge, inability to realistically quantify the return on investment, and lack of skilled workforce. This study therefore brings out a summary of the enabling technologies for Industry 4.0 to show impact to the manufacturing industry as a strategic roadmap in implementing lean six sigma approaches. This paper can be used as a strategic roadmap to offer a holistic view of the phases that the manufacturers have to undertake along with the challenges they would face during their journey toward Industry 4.0 transition. The implementation of Industry 4.0 is quite likely to bring about the paperless factory. Changes to the infrastructure are a core finding. It is also shown that Industry 4.0 does not require significant alterations in traditional manufacturing processes.